如何安装最小的 Ubuntu 桌面

问题：我想在我的硬件上使用 Ubuntu Desktop，但没有预安装所有臃肿软件（例如 LibreOffice、媒体播放器等）。如何安装最小化的 Ubuntu 桌面？

如果您想设置一个精简的 Ubuntu 桌面，一个干净的方法是首先在您的硬件上安装 Ubuntu 服务器，然后手动向其中添加桌面组件。

假设您的计算机上已经安装了Ubuntu服务器，您可以按如下方式安装最小的Ubuntu桌面。

安装最小 Unity 桌面

以下命令安装 Unity 桌面及其硬依赖项，但仅安装其他内容。

$ sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop

要查看这样的最小桌面中包含哪些软件包，请使用以下命令。

$ apt-cache show ubuntu-desktop | grep "Depends"

Depends: alsa-base, alsa-utils, anacron, at-spi2-core, baobab, bc, ca-certificates, checkbox-qt, dmz-cursor-theme, doc-base, eog, evince, file-roller, fonts-freefont-ttf, foomatic-db-compressed-ppds, foomatic-filters, gcalctool, gedit, genisoimage, ghostscript-x, gnome-control-center, gnome-font-viewer, gnome-media, gnome-menus, gnome-power-manager, gnome-screenshot, gnome-session, gnome-session-canberra, gnome-system-log, gnome-system-monitor, gnome-terminal, gstreamer0.10-alsa, gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps, gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio, gucharmap, gvfs-bin, inputattach, language-selector-gnome, libatk-adaptor, libgd2-xpm, libnotify-bin, libpam-ck-connector, libpam-xdg-support, libsasl2-modules, libxp6, lightdm, nautilus, nautilus-sendto, notify-osd, openprinting-ppds, printer-driver-pnm2ppa, pulseaudio, rfkill, seahorse, software-center, software-properties-gtk, ssh-askpass-gnome, system-config-printer-gnome, ttf-dejavu-core, ubuntu-artwork, ubuntu-drivers-common, ubuntu-extras-keyring, ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk, ubuntu-settings, ubuntu-sounds, unity, unity-greeter, unzip, update-manager, update-notifier, wireless-tools, wpasupplicant, xdg-user-dirs, xdg-user-dirs-gtk, xdiagnose, xkb-data, xorg, xterm, yelp, zenity, zip

要检查最小桌面上缺少哪些软件包，请运行：

$ apt-cache show ubuntu-desktop | grep "Recommends"

Recommends: acpi-support, activity-log-manager-control-center, aisleriot, app-install-data-partner, apport-gtk, avahi-autoipd, avahi-daemon, bluez, bluez-alsa, bluez-cups, bluez-gstreamer, branding-ubuntu, brasero, brltty, cups, cups-bsd, cups-client, deja-dup, empathy, example-content, firefox, firefox-gnome-support, fonts-kacst-one, fonts-khmeros-core, fonts-lao, fonts-liberation, fonts-lklug-sinhala, fonts-nanum, fonts-sil-abyssinica, fonts-sil-padauk, fonts-takao-pgothic, fonts-thai-tlwg, fonts-tibetan-machine, gcc, gnome-accessibility-themes, gnome-bluetooth, gnome-disk-utility, gnome-mahjongg, gnome-orca, gnome-screensaver, gnome-sudoku, gnomine, gvfs-fuse, gwibber, hplip, ibus, ibus-gtk3, ibus-pinyin, ibus-pinyin-db-android, ibus-table, im-switch, kerneloops-daemon, landscape-client-ui-install, laptop-detect, libgail-common, libnss-mdns, libpam-gnome-keyring, libproxy1-plugin-gsettings, libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager, libqt4-sql-sqlite, libreoffice-calc, libreoffice-gnome, libreoffice-help-en-us, libreoffice-impress, libreoffice-math, libreoffice-ogltrans, libreoffice-pdfimport, libreoffice-presentation-minimizer, libreoffice-presenter-console, libreoffice-style-human, libreoffice-writer, libwmf0.2-7-gtk, linux-headers-generic, make, mousetweaks, nautilus-share, network-manager-gnome, network-manager-pptp, network-manager-pptp-gnome, onboard, overlay-scrollbar, pcmciautils, plymouth-theme-ubuntu-logo, policykit-desktop-privileges, printer-driver-c2esp, printer-driver-foo2zjs, printer-driver-min12xxw, printer-driver-ptouch, printer-driver-pxljr, printer-driver-sag-gdi, printer-driver-splix, pulseaudio-module-bluetooth, pulseaudio-module-gconf, pulseaudio-module-x11, python3-aptdaemon.pkcompat, qt-at-spi, remmina, rhythmbox, rhythmbox-plugin-magnatune, rhythmbox-ubuntuone, shotwell, simple-scan, sni-qt, speech-dispatcher, telepathy-idle, thunderbird, thunderbird-gnome-support, totem, totem-mozilla, transmission-gtk, ttf-indic-fonts-core, ttf-punjabi-fonts, ttf-ubuntu-font-family, ttf-wqy-microhei, ubuntu-docs, ubuntuone-client-gnome, ubuntuone-control-panel-qt, unity-webapps-common, usb-creator-gtk, vino, whoopsie, xcursor-themes, xdg-utils, xul-ext-ubufox, xul-ext-unity

安装最小 KDE 桌面

如果您想将最小的 KDE 桌面添加到 Ubuntu 服务器，请运行以下命令。它不会安装任何推荐的额外软件包，而只会安装运行 KDE 桌面所需的软件包。

$ sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends kubuntu-desktop 

安装最小 Xfce 桌面

要在 Ubuntu 服务器上安装最小的 Xfce GUI：

$ sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xubuntu-desktop 

安装最小 LXDE 桌面

要在 Ubuntu 服务器上设置 LXDE 桌面，请使用此命令。

$ sudo apt-get install lubuntu-desktop

根据设计，lubuntu-desktop 软件包不会安装任何额外推荐的软件包，因此您无需提供 --no-install-recommends 参数。