如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx
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如何在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx

在本文中，我们将了解如何在 Ubunt 16.04 上安装和设置 Sphinx，Sphinx 是一个开源搜索引擎，允许进行完整的测试搜索，并且最适合非常有效地使用海量数据执行搜索，数据可以来自任何来源（例如 SQL 数据库、纯文本文件等）

狮身人面像的特点

  • 高级索引和查询的好工具。

  • 高搜索性能和索引。

  • 推进后处理的结果。

  • 通过高级搜索轻松扩展。

  • 可以与 SQL 和 XML 源集成。

  • 可以扩展以处理具有数千个查询的海量数据。

先决条件

在开始之前，我们需要一些先决条件。

  • 我们需要一台 Ubuntu 机器，该机器上有一个具有 sudo 权限的非 root 用户。

  • MySQL安装在机器上。

在机器上安装 Sphinx

我们可以使用 apt-get 使用 Ubuntu 的本机软件包存储库直接安装 Sphinx，以下是安装 Sphinx 的命令。

$ sudo apt-get install sphinxsearch
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libmysqlclient20 libstemmer0d
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libmysqlclient20 libstemmer0d sphinxsearch
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 92 not upgraded.
Need to get 2,608 kB of archives.
After this operation, 20.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenial/universe amd64 libstemmer0d amd 64 0+svn585-1 [62.1 kB]
Get:2 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntuxenial-updates/main amd64 libmysqlclie nt20 amd64 5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [809 kB]
Get:3 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 sphinxsearch amd 64 2.2.9-1build1 [1,737 kB]
Fetched 2,608 kB in 2s (986 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libstemmer0d:amd64.
(Reading database ... 117542 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libstemmer0d_0+svn585-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libstemmer0d:amd64 (0+svn585-1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmysqlclient20:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libmysqlclient20_5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package sphinxsearch.
Preparing to unpack .../sphinxsearch_2.2.9-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking sphinxsearch (2.2.9-1build1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu4) ...
Setting up libstemmer0d:amd64 (0+svn585-1) ...
Setting up libmysqlclient20:amd64 (5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up sphinxsearch (2.2.9-1build1) ...
Adding system user `sphinxsearch' (UID 119) ...
Adding new group `sphinxsearch' (GID 125) ...
Adding new user `sphinxsearch' (UID 119) with group `sphinxsearch' ...
Not creating home directory `/var/run/sphinxsearch'.
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu4) ...

为 Sphinx 创建测试数据库

现在我们必须使用默认包中附带的示例数据创建一个测试数据库，这将允许您在后面的步骤中测试 Sphinx 搜索。

让我们登录 MySQL，我们将在其中创建测试数据库并导入示例数据库。

$ mysql –u root –p
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SOURCE /etc/sphinxsearch/example.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 10 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 10 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Mysql> quit

配置 Sphinx 进行搜索

在Sphinx中，我们需要编辑和配置3个主要块以适应我们的环境，其中定义了索引、搜索和源等基本功能，这些可以在配置文件sphinx.conf中找到，该文件位于/etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx。 conf.sample 文件，我们需要将现有示例配置文件复制到 /etc/sphinxsearch 文件夹中

$ cp /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf.sample /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf
$ sudo vi /etc/sphoxsearch/sphinx.conf

配置文件应如下所示，带有块

sphinx.conf 中的源块

source src1
{
   type = mysql
   #SQL settings (for ‘mysql’ and ‘pgsql’ types)
   sql_host = localhost
   sql_user = roo
   tsql_pass = ubuntu
   sql_db = test
   sql_port = 3306 # optional, default is 3306
   sql_query = \
   SELECT id, group_id, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(date_added) AS date_added, title, content \
   FROM documents
   sql_attr_uint = group_id
   sql_attr_timestamp = date_added
}

sphinx.conf 中的索引块

index test
{
   source = src1
   path = /var/lib/sphinxsearch/data/test
   docinfo = extern
}
Searchd block in sphinx.conf
searchd
{
   listen = 9312:sphinx #SphinxAPI port
   listen = 9306:mysql41 #SphinxQL port
   log = /var/log/sphinxsearch/searchd.log
   query_log = /var/log/sphinxsearch/testquery.log
   read_timeout = 5
   max_children = 30
   pid_file = /var/run/sphinxsearch/testsearchd.pid
   seamless_rotate = 1
   preopen_indexes = 1
   unlink_old = 1
   binlog_path = /var/lib/sphinxsearch/datatest
}

有一次，我们编辑了索引 Sphinx 所需的配置。

管理 Sphinx 上的索引

在这里，我们将使用我们在前面步骤中编辑的配置文件进行索引

$ sudo indexer –all
Sphinx 2.2.9-id64-release (rel22-r5006)
Copyright (c) 2001-2015, Andrew Aksyonoff
Copyright (c) 2008-2015, Sphinx Technologies Inc (http://sphinxsearch.com)
using config file '/etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf'...
indexing index 'test'...
collected 4 docs, 0.0 MB
sorted 0.0 Mhits, 100.0% done
total 4 docs, 193 bytes
total 0.007 sec, 24319 bytes/sec, 504.03 docs/sec
total 4 reads, 0.000 sec, 0.1 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg
total 12 writes, 0.000 sec, 0.1 kb/call avg, 0.0 msec/call avg

在生产环境中，我们需要使索引保持最新，因此我们将为此创建一个 cronjob –

$ crontab –e

将以下内容添加到文件末尾。

# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
#
# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use '*' in these fields (for 'any').#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron's system
# daemon's notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at 5 a.m every week with:
# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h dom mon dow command
@hourly /usr/bin/indexer --rotate --config /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf –all

启动Sphinx服务

由于我们已经使用配置文件配置了索引，所以我们现在需要编辑 Sphinx 配置文件，默认情况下 Sphinx 守护进程未启动，我们需要编辑 /etc/default/sphinxsearch 中的文件

$ vi /etc/default/sphinxsearch
#
# Settings for the sphinxsearch searchd daemon
# Please read /usr/share/doc/sphinxsearch/README.Debian for details.
#
# Should sphinxsearch run automatically on startup? (default: no)
# Before doing this you might want to modify /etc/sphinxsearch/sphinx.conf
# so that it works for you.
START=yes

以下是启动 Sphinx 守护进程的命令

$ sudo systemctl restart sphinxsearch.services

重新启动 sphinxsearch 服务后，我们将使用以下命令检查状态

$ sudo systemctl status sphinxsearch.service
sphinxsearch.service - LSB: Fast standalone full-text SQL search engine
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/sphinxsearch; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Mon 2016-09-19 13:00:20 IST; 1h 10min ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Tasks: 0 (limit: 512)
Memory: 0B
CPU: 0
Sep 19 13:00:20 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Fast standalone full-text SQL search engine...
Sep 19 13:00:20 ubuntu-16 sphinxsearch[7804]: To enable sphinxsearch, edit /etc/default/sphinxsearch and set START=ye
Sep 19 13:00:20 ubuntu-16 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Fast standalone full-text SQL search engine.

测试 Sphinx 搜索

现在我们将使用 MySQL 接口使用端口 9306 连接到 SphinxQL。

$ mysql -h0 -P9306
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 2.2.9-id64-release (rel22-r5006)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>

在数据库中搜索单词“test”

mysql> SELECT * FROM test WHERE MATCH('test '); SHOW META;
+------+----------+------------+
| id   | group_id | date_added |
+------+----------+------------+
|    1 |        1 | 1474272578 |
|    2 |        1 | 1474272578 |
|    4 |        2 | 1474272578 |
+------+----------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| total         | 3     |
| total_found   | 3     |
| time          | 0.000 |
| keyword[0]    | test  |
| docs[0]       | 3     |
| hits[0]       | 5     |
+---------------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

通过使用设置和配置，我们可以将Sphinx配置为一个强大的搜索引擎，它更高效并且可以处理海量数据，sphinx搜索可以处理数十亿个文档，并且可以处理TB级数据，其中每个可以执行数千个搜索查询第二。

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