如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 上安装最新的 MariaDB 数据库
在此页
- 先决条件
- 添加 MariaDB 存储库
- 安装和配置 MariaDB
- 验证 MariaDB 版本
- 结论
MariaDB 是流行的 MySQL 数据库系统的免费、开源和分支。它是由MySQL的原始开发人员制作的一种广泛使用的关系数据库管理系统。它专为可扩展性和关键任务部署而设计。默认情况下,MariaDB 包在所有主要 Linux 发行版的默认存储库中可用。在编写本教程时,MariaDB 的最新版本是 10.8。每个主要版本将至少维护 5 年。所以 MariaDB 10.8.0 将被支持到 2027 年。
在本教程中,我们将向您展示如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 服务器上安装 MariaDB 10.8。
先决条件
- 一台运行 Ubuntu 22.04 的服务器。
- 在服务器上配置了根密码。
添加 MariaDB 存储库
默认情况下,Ubuntu 22.04 标准存储库中不提供最新版本的 MariaDB。因此,您需要将 MariaDB 官方存储库添加到您的系统中。
首先,使用以下命令安装所有必需的依赖项:
apt-get install software-properties-common gnupg2 -y
安装所有依赖项后,使用以下命令导入 MariaDB 签名密钥:
apt-key adv --fetch-keys 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'
您应该得到以下输出:
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.kGFC5Ag1H8/gpg.1.sh --fetch-keys https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc
gpg: requesting key from 'https://mariadb.org/mariadb_release_signing_key.asc'
gpg: key F1656F24C74CD1D8: public key "MariaDB Signing Key <>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
接下来,使用以下命令添加 MariaDB 存储库:
add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64] http://mariadb.mirror.globo.tech/repo/10.8/ubuntu jammy main'
添加存储库后,使用以下命令更新存储库:
apt-get update -y
此时,MariaDB 存储库已添加并处于最新状态。您现在可以继续下一步。
安装和配置 MariaDB
现在,使用以下命令安装最新版本的 MariaDB 服务器和客户端:
apt-get install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y
安装成功后,启动MariaDB服务并使其在系统重启时启动:
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
接下来,您需要保护 MariaDB 安装并设置 MariaDB root 密码。您可以通过运行以下脚本来完成此操作:
mysql_secure_installation
系统将要求您提供当前的 root 密码,如下所示:
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
只需按 Enter。您将被要求切换到 unix_socket 身份验证,如下所示:
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorization.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] Y
键入 Y 并按 Enter。系统将要求您更改 root 密码,如下所示:
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] Y
键入 Y 并按 Enter 键更改 root 密码。
New password:
Re-enter new password:
提供您的安全密码,然后按 Enter。您应该看到以下输出:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
Next, you will be asked to remove anonymous users as shown below:
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
键入 Y 并按 Enter 键以删除匿名用户。您将被要求禁止远程 root 登录,如下所示:
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
键入 Y 并按 Enter。系统将要求您删除测试数据库,如下所示:
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
键入 Y 并按 Enter 键以删除测试数据库。您将被要求重新加载权限表,如下所示:
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
键入 Y 并按 Enter,您应该会看到以下输出:
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
验证 MariaDB 版本
此时,MariaDB 已安装并受到保护。接下来,您需要验证已安装的 MariaDB 版本。
首先,使用以下命令登录到 MariaDB shell:
mysql -u root -p
提供您的 MariaDB root 密码并按 Enter。登录后,您应该会看到以下输出:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 31
Server version: 10.8.3-MariaDB-1:10.8.3+maria~jammy mariadb.org binary distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
运行以下命令来验证 MariaDB 版本:
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT VERSION();
您应该得到以下输出:
+-------------------------------------+
| VERSION() |
+-------------------------------------+
| 10.8.3-MariaDB-1:10.8.3+maria~jammy |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
结论
在这篇文章中,我们解释了如何在 Ubuntu 22.04 服务器上安装最新的 MariaDB 数据库。我们还解释了如何保护 MariaDB 并检查 MariaDB 版本。您现在可以连接到 MariaDB 并开始创建数据库、用户并将其与您的应用程序集成。