如何在 Debian 8 上使用 Google PageSpeed 模块构建 nginx (Jessie)
本教程适用于这些操作系统版本
- Debian 7(喘息)
在此页
- 1 使用 PageSpeed 构建 nginx
- 2 配置 PageSpeed
- 3 个链接
作者:F4RR3LL |斯文
本教程介绍了如何在 Debian Jessie 上使用最新版本的 nginx_pagespeed 模块构建 nginx。 PageSpeed 模块将网络性能最佳实践应用于页面和相关资产(CSS、JavaScript、图像),从而加快您的网站速度并减少加载时间。
1 使用 PageSpeed 构建 nginx
nginx 不支持模块的动态加载,因此我们必须用 PageSpeed 支持重建它。我们将 nginx 构建为 .deb 包,以便我们可以用它替换现有的 nginx 安装(或轻松地将其安装在其他系统上)。
先创建构建目录:
cd /usr/src
mkdir nginx-pagespeed && cd nginx-pagespeed
确保在 /etc/apt/sources.list 中有 Jessie 的 deb 和 deb-src 行:
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
[...]
deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free
[...]
更新您的包列表并安装一些先决条件:
apt-get update
apt-get install dpkg-dev build-essential zlib1g-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev unzip curl libcurl4-openssl-dev libossp-uuid-dev
下载 nginx 源代码和构建依赖项:
apt-get source nginx
apt-get build-dep nginx
让我们检查一下我们的 nginx 版本:
ls -l
:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# ls -l
insgesamt 1388
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Apr 29 22:16 nginx-1.6.2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 604568 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.debian.tar.xz
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2827 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.dsc
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 804164 Sep 17 2014 nginx_1.6.2.orig.tar.gz
我们的 nginx 版本是 1.6.2。让我们转到下载的 nginx 源的 debian/modules 目录...
cd /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/
...并下载 PageSpeed 源代码(您可以在此页面上查看最新版本:https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed/releases - 在本例中版本为 1.9.32.3-beta;如果您的版本不同,确保在本教程的其余部分替换它):
wget https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed/archive/release-1.9.32.3-beta.zip
unzip release-1.9.32.3-beta.zip
mv ngx_pagespeed-release-1.9.32.3-beta/ ngx_pagespeed
cd ngx_pagespeed/
wget https://dl.google.com/dl/page-speed/psol/1.9.32.3.tar.gz
tar -xzvf 1.9.32.3.tar.gz
让我们编辑 debian/rules 文件:
nano /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/rules
在该文件中,您将找到三个 configure_flags 部分,其中行:
–add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \
需要补充:
在 –without-http_uwsgi_module 之后的 light_configure_flags 部分中,
在 –with-mail_ssl_module 之后的 full_configure_flags 部分中,
在 –add-module=$ (MODULESDIR)/nginx-development-kit 之后的 extras_configure_flags 部分中
生成的文件应如下所示(使用 Tab 键在行前添加空格)。
#!/usr/bin/make -f
export DH_VERBOSE=1
debian_cflags:=$(shell dpkg-buildflags --get CFLAGS) $(shell dpkg-buildflags --get CPPFLAGS)
debian_ldflags:=$(shell dpkg-buildflags --get LDFLAGS)
# export necessary perl hardenging flags
# see: src/http/modules/perl/Makefile.PL
DEBIAN_NGINX_PERL_LDFLAGS:= $(debian_ldflags)
export DEBIAN_NGINX_PERL_LDFLAGS
FLAVOURS := full light extras
MODULESDIR = $(CURDIR)/debian/modules
BASEDIR = $(CURDIR)
$(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),$(eval BUILDDIR_$(flavour) = $(CURDIR)/debian/build-$(flavour)))
DEB_BUILD_ARCH ?=$(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_BUILD_ARCH)
ifeq ($(DEB_BUILD_ARCH),sparc)
debian_cflags += -m32 -mcpu=ultrasparc
endif
ifneq (,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
NUMJOBS = $(patsubst parallel=%,%,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS)))
MAKEFLAGS += -j$(NUMJOBS)
endif
# configure flags
common_configure_flags := \
--with-cc-opt="$(debian_cflags)" \
--with-ld-opt="$(debian_ldflags)" \
--prefix=/usr/share/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
--pid-path=/run/nginx.pid \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi \
--with-debug \
--with-pcre-jit \
--with-ipv6 \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_auth_request_module
light_configure_flags := \
$(common_configure_flags) \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--without-http_browser_module \
--without-http_geo_module \
--without-http_limit_req_module \
--without-http_limit_zone_module \
--without-http_memcached_module \
--without-http_referer_module \
--without-http_scgi_module \
--without-http_split_clients_module \
--without-http_ssi_module \
--without-http_userid_module \
--without-http_uwsgi_module \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-echo
full_configure_flags := \
$(common_configure_flags) \
--with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_geoip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_spdy_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_xslt_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-auth-pam \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-dav-ext-module \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-echo \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-upstream-fair \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_http_substitutions_filter_module
extras_configure_flags := \
$(common_configure_flags) \
--with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_geoip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_mp4_module \
--with-http_perl_module \
--with-http_random_index_module \
--with-http_secure_link_module \
--with-http_spdy_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_xslt_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/headers-more-nginx-module \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-auth-pam \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-cache-purge \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-dav-ext-module \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-development-kit \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx-fancyindex \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-http-push \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-lua \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-upload-progress \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-upstream-fair \
--add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_http_substitutions_filter_module
%:
dh --with systemd
override_dh_auto_configure: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),config.arch.$(flavour))
override_dh_auto_build: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),build.arch.$(flavour))
override_dh_strip: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),strip.arch.$(flavour))
override_dh_clean: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),clean.$(flavour))
dh_clean
override_dh_installinit:
dh_installinit --no-restart-on-upgrade --no-start --name=nginx
override_dh_systemd_enable:
dh_systemd_enable --name=nginx
override_dh_installlogrotate:
dh_installlogrotate --package nginx-common --name=nginx
build.arch.%:
$(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR_$*) build
strip.arch.%:
dh_strip --package=nginx-$(*) --dbg-package=nginx-$(*)-dbg
config.arch.%:
dh_testdir
mkdir -p $(BUILDDIR_$*)
cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/auto $(BUILDDIR_$*)/
cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/conf $(BUILDDIR_$*)/
cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/configure $(BUILDDIR_$*)/
cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/contrib $(BUILDDIR_$*)/
cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/src $(BUILDDIR_$*)/
cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/man $(BUILDDIR_$*)/
cd $(BUILDDIR_$*) && ./configure $($*_configure_flags)
clean.%:
rm -rf $(BUILDDIR_$*)
然后运行:
cd /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/ && dpkg-buildpackage -b
构建新的 nginx .deb 包。之后,让我们看一下生成的包:
cd /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed
ls -l
:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# ls -l
insgesamt 99720
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Apr 29 22:16 nginx-1.6.2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 72086 Apr 29 23:06 nginx_1.6.2-5_all.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3961 Apr 29 23:08 nginx_1.6.2-5_amd64.changes
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 604568 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.debian.tar.xz
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2827 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.dsc
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 804164 Sep 17 2014 nginx_1.6.2.orig.tar.gz
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 86540 Apr 29 23:06 nginx-common_1.6.2-5_all.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 83716 Apr 29 23:06 nginx-doc_1.6.2-5_all.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3403690 Apr 29 23:08 nginx-extras_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 31745456 Apr 29 23:08 nginx-extras-dbg_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3232788 Apr 29 23:07 nginx-full_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 29932616 Apr 29 23:07 nginx-full-dbg_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3136400 Apr 29 23:07 nginx-light_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 28975322 Apr 29 23:08 nginx-light-dbg_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
我们现在可以安装支持 PageSpeed 的 nginx,如下所示:
dpkg --install nginx-common_1.6.2-5_all.deb nginx_1.6.2-5_all.deb nginx-full_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
然后重启 nginx:
service nginx restart
让我们检查一下 PageSpeed 模块是否构建成功:
nginx -V
您应该在输出中看到 ngx_pagespeed 模块:
:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.6.2
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: –with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' –with-ld-opt=-Wl,-z,relro –prefix=/usr/share/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock –pid-path=/run/nginx.pid –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi –with-debug –with-pcre-jit –with-ipv6 –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_addition_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_geoip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_image_filter_module –with-http_spdy_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_xslt_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/ngx_pagespeed –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-auth-pam –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-dav-ext-module –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-echo –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-upstream-fair –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/ngx_http_substitutions_filter_module
2 配置PageSpeed
要启用 PageSpeed,请打开 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf...
nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
...并添加行 pagespeed on;和 pagespeed FileCachePath /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache;在任何虚拟主机之前:
[...]
pagespeed on;
pagespeed FileCachePath /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
[...]
创建缓存目录并重新加载 nginx:
mkdir /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache
service nginx reload
让我们加载一个页面并检查输出中是否提到了 PageSpeed:
curl -I -p http://localhost|grep X-Page-Speed
:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# curl -I -p http://localhost|grep X-Page-Speed
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
X-Page-Speed: 1.9.32.3-4448
现在我们可以单独或每个虚拟主机配置 PageSpeed,例如像这样:
nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.vhost
server {
[...]
# let's speed up PageSpeed by storing it in the super duper fast memcached
pagespeed MemcachedThreads 1;
pagespeed MemcachedServers "localhost:11211";
# Filter settings
pagespeed RewriteLevel CoreFilters;
pagespeed EnableFilters collapse_whitespace,remove_comments;
# Ensure requests for pagespeed optimized resources go to the pagespeed
# handler and no extraneous headers get set.
location ~ "\.pagespeed\.([a-z]\.)?[a-z]{2}\.[^.]{10}\.[^.]+" {
add_header "" "";
}
location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_static/" {
}
location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_beacon$" {
}
location /ngx_pagespeed_statistics {
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
location /ngx_pagespeed_global_statistics {
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
location /ngx_pagespeed_message {
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
location /pagespeed_console {
allow 127.0.0.1;
deny all;
}
[...]
}
重要的一行是 pagespeed EnableFilters 行,它告诉 PageSpeed 它应该应用哪些过滤器。您可以在此处找到所有过滤器的列表:http://ngxpagespeed.com/ngx_pagespeed_example/
之后不要忘记重启 nginx:
service nginx reload
当您现在打开一个页面并查看标头(例如,使用 FireFox 的 Live HTTP 标头附加组件)时,您应该会看到 x-page-speed 行。您还可以检查页面的 HTML 源代码以查看 PageSpeed 过滤器是否按预期工作。
3个链接
- Google 开发者博客:http://googledevelopers.blogspot.nl/2013/04/speed-up-your-sites-with-pagespeed-for.html
- ngx_pagespeed:https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/ngx
- 构建/使用 PageSpeed:https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed
- ngx_pagespeed 过滤器示例:http://ngxpagespeed.com/ngx_pagespeed_example/